Incandescent electric lamp



(No Model.)

A. HARDING,

INGANDESGENT ELECTRIC LAMP.

No. 333,219. Patented Dec. 29, 1885).

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oceluded gases.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE@ AUGUST HARDIXG, OF OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA.

VINCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMP,

SPECFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 333,219, dated December 29, 1885.

Application (iled March 20, 1F85,

To all whom, it may cogwcrn:

Be it known that l, AUGUsT HARDING, of

Oakland, Alameda county, State of Califor-V nia, have invented an Improvement in Incandescent Electric Lamps; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same.

My invention relates to that class ofeleetric lamps in which a continuons carbon-conductor is heated in a vacuum to incandeseence.

My invention consistsin apeeuliarair-tight joint between the globe and base of thelamp, all of which will be hereinafter described and claimed.

Figure l is a vertical section of my lamp, showing the globe mounted on its base. Fig. 2 is a cross-section on line X X, Fig. l, showing the pawl and ratchet. Fig. Sis a vertical section ofthe lamp as modiiied to avoid fusing the in-leading wires in the glass.

In lamps of this description it is usually the case that whenthe carbon conductor is destroyed by use or accident the lamp is worthless. Then,again,in order to exhaust the lamp, glass tubes in some cases are attached to the globe, and, finally, a perfect vacuum is not obtained by reason of thefailure to expel all the The object of my invention is to overcome these several difficulties by constructing a lamp the globe of which can be readily sepa rated from the base and the carbon conductor replaced without injury to any of the parts of the lamp; and, further, by so making the lamp as to adapt it to become subject to the peculiar means employ ed to expel the oceluded gases and to t its parts together within an exhausted chamber, whereby it is itself thoronghly exhausted.

A is the glass globe, having a neck, a.

B is a tube of soft metal, such as sheetlead, having flanges b at top and bottom, and a central dange, b, though this latter flange is not essential, and may be omitted, if desired.

O is a tube of hard metal encircling tube B and its flanges, whereby an annular chamber, c, is formed between its inner wall and the outer wall of tube B. The tube C has a diaphragm, c, which forms between itself and the bottom of the tube a chamber, c2. Into this chamber extends downwardly a stud, c,

Serial No. 159,59S. (No model.)

in which a canal or passage, D, is made, which extends through the diaphragm c' and connects with the chamber c, as shown.

Upon the stud c3 is fitted a sleeve, E, forn1- ing a bearing or seat for a valve, e, which is adapted to close or open the mouth of the canal D. This sleeve has a port, c. The valve is on the upper end of a screw-stem, e', threaded in the sleeve, and having keyed upon its lower end a ratchet-wheel, e2, which is controlled by a pawl, e3, made of soft iron. Through the base of chamber c2 is formed a passage, c4, in which a plug, c, is adapted to lit.

Secured by one end to the ratchet-wheel e2 is a coil-spring, F, the other end of which is secured to the sleeve E. This spring is so arranged as to have a tendency to turn the ratchet in a direction to unscrew the stem c', and thus remove the valve e from the canal. A square hole is made in the bottom of the ratchet-wheel, as shown in Fig. 2, for the reception ol' a key projected through passage c4, whereby the ratchet may be rotated to screw the valve upward to its seat and close the canal. This movement of the ratchet winds up the spring, and said ratchet is held by the pawl e. Then the pawl is released, the spring rotates the ratchet to remove the valve and open the canal.

G is a glass plug fitted within the soltmetal tube B, its base resting on the diaphragm c. It extends upwardly about half-way of the tube B, and then is reduced in diameter, forming shoulders g, from which point it extends upwardly in the form of a spur, y', having' an ear, (jl.

Upon the shoulders g rests a metallic ring, II, lying closely within the metal tube B. The neck c of the globe lits down closely within the upper portion of the soit-metal tube, its base resting on the metal ring H.

Around the lower portion of the external tube O is a metal ring or band, I, which is insulated therefrom by the use of a proper lining.

J J are the in-leading wires. The wire J forms a contact with the ring H, and thence extends npwardly through the neck of the globe and through the cant/'Zending in aspirahj, having a projecting end, Fig. 6. The wire J forms an external contact with the insulated IOO v metal and the glass.

ring I, and thence passes into the lamp through the glass plug G, up through its spur g', and' terminates in a similar spiral, j, having a projecting end.

X is a carbon conductor within globe A. Its ends are passed into the spiral j of the wires, and are there secured by means of a carbon-paste.

The object of the construction thus far eX- plained is as follows: For the purpose of mounting the glass globe A onl the base, the annular chamber c, the canal D, and part of the chamber c2 arefilled with any suitable liquid or gas-such, for example, as glycerine or carbonio acid--the chamber c2 being filled to such apoint that the mouth of the canal D is under the surface of the liquid in any position of the lamp. The valve c is then screwed up to its seat, as heretofore explained, thus closing the canal. The rest of the chamber c2 is now filled with a compressed gas and the plug c5 is replaced while under pressure.

To complete thisdescription for the better understanding of the device, I will anticipate subsequent steps by supposing the entire lamp to be exhasted. The globe is placed within the soft-metal tube B, as heretofore eX- plained. A strong magnet is then brought to act from without upon the pawlc3,which is thus caused to release the ratchet, which, under the inliuence of its spring, opens the valve e,

whereupon the liquid in' chambercis brought under high pressure, forcing the soft metal of tube B around the glass parts of the lamp, making an air-tightjoint between them. To complete this joint it will be found necessary to previously apply a cement-such as guttapercha or Canada balsam-between the soft To remove the globe, the plug c5 is taken out, thus relieving -the joint of pressure. l

In Fig. 8 Ishowa modified form of thelamp which may be used if it be found desirable to avoid the fusing of the metallic wires into the glass. In this case two separate metallic parts or joints are used, constructed as heretofore described. The upper one is permanently attached to the neck of the globe and to a glass tube, K, which projects down into and is connected in the manner described to the lower one. A metallic ring, k, lies in contact with the softmetal tube of the upper joint, and carries a contact-spring, 7c', which makes electrical connection with the ring k and the inleading wire J The wire J isinsulated from tne lowerjoint at j, while the wire J is electrically connected with said jointas shown. The glass tube K may be removed from the lower joint when the pressure inv the chamber c is relieved, as heretofore described.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In an incandescent electric lamp having a glass globe containing the carbon conductor, anda metallic base, the means for joining the globe to the base, consisting of an airtight compression chamber encircling the neck of the globe and binding it to the base, substantially as herein described.

' 2. In an incandescent electric lamp having a glass globe anda metallic base, the means for joining the globe and base, consisting of an annular chamber encircling the neck of the globe, and having its inner wall of soft metal adapted under pressure to be forced against the glass, substantially as herein described.

3. In an incandescent electric lamp, the annular chamber c, encircling the neck of the vglass globe, and havingits inner wall of soft metal, and aconnection between said chamber and a chamber containing liquid or gas under pressure, whereby a pressure is vbrought upon the soft-metal wall to force it around the glass, substantially as herein described.

4. In an incandescent electric lamp, au airtight joint between the globe and .base of the lamp, made by compressing a vtube of soft metal around the neck of the globe, the impingingsurface being provided with cement, and keeping the tube under pressure while ready for use,substantiall y as herein described.

- 5. In an incandescent electric lamp, the softmetal tube B, having lianges,and the exterior hard metal tube, C, encircling the tube B, whereby an annular chamber, c, is formed, substantially as and for the purpose herein described.

6. In an incandescent electric lamp, the softmetal tube B, having fianges, and the exterior hard-metal tube, C, encircling tube B, forming an annular chamber, c, in combination with the glass globe A, having neck a, fitted within the soft-metal tube, the impingng-surfaces being provided with cement, and a means for admitting pressure to the chamber c, whereby the soft-metal tube is forced tightly around the neck a, substantially asherein described.

7. In an incandescent electric lamp, the softmetal tube B, having lianges b, the hard-metal IOC IIO

tube G, encirclingtube B and forming a chamber, c, in combination with the glass globe A, having a neck fitting within the soft-metal tube, the impingingsurfaces being covered with cement, the chamber cl below, and the canal D,

connecting the two chambers, substantially as.

. the purpose herein described. v

9. In an incandescent electric lamp, an annular chamber encircling the neck of the glass globe and having its inner wall of soft metal,

in combination with a chamber containing a liquid or fluid under pressure and connected with the annular chamber, a spring-valve controlling the connection and held to its seat by a metallic pawl adapted under the influence of a magnet to relieve the valve and establish the connection between the two chambers, whereby the soft-metal wall is pressed around the glass neck, substantially as herein de scribed.

l0. In an incandescent electric lamp, the soft-metal tube B and the hard-metal tube C, forming an annular chamber, c, the chamber cz in the base of the hard-metal tube, the canal D, connecting chambers c2 c, the valve e, controlling the canal, the screw-stem c of the valve, the ratchet e2 on the stem, the operating-spring F, and the retaining-pawl ci, all arranged and adapted to operate substantially as and for the purpose herein described.

ll. In an incandescent electric lamp, the globe A, having neck a, and the underlying i glass plug G, in combination with the softmetal tube B, encircling the neck and glass plug, the hard-metal tube C, encircling the tube B and forming an annular chamber, c, the compression-chamber c2, connecting-canal D, and controlling-valve c, all arranged and adapted to operate substantially as herein described.

12. In an incandescent electric lamp, the globe A, having neck a, and the glass plug G, in combination with the encircling soft metal tube D, the exterior hard-metal tube, C, forining chamber c, the chamber c2 in the base of the tube C, the canal D, connecting the two chambers, the screw-valve e, controlling the canal, the ratchet c2, spring F, and pawl es, by which the valve is operated and held, the entrance-passage c'L to the chamber c2, and the plug c5, all arranged and adapted to operate substantially as herein described.

13. In an incandescent electric lamp, the combination of the globe A, having neck a, the glass plug G, having spur g', the metallic ring H between the neck of the globe and the glass plug, the encircling concentric tubes B C, the former of soft metal, and having a chamber, c, between them, the chamber c'2 below, having an entrance, ct, the canal D, connecting the chambers, the valve c, controlling the canal, the ratchet c2, pawl e3, and spring F, exterior insulated metallic ring, I, and the inleading wires JJ, connecting the carbon con ductor with the metallic rings H l, all substantially as and for the purpose herein described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

AUGUST HARDING. litn esses:

S, H. NoURsn, H. C. LEE. 

